|
|
The Matter of Evaluation of Patient's Needs in Surgical Nursing
KULAJEC, Teťana
Current situation: An issue of evaluating needs of a patient hospitalised at the surgery department is an initial moment of nursing care. At present, a development of holistic approach in care of a patient occurs as well as a cooperation with a family. Aims of thesis: To determine a role of a nurse in meeting patient´s needs, to determine how a family participates in meeting patient´s needs and to evaluate what are the differences between the needs of a patient recorded in nursing documents and current needs of a patient at a surgery department. Methodology: For processing the research part of the diploma thesis, a quantitative research construct and interviewing methods were used, techniques of data collecting by a form of half-structured interviews. Nurses employed at the surgery department participated in the research construct. Furthermore, there were patients included hospitalised at the surgery department at least two days and members of families who take care of the patient. All the interviews were evaluated by open coding through a method pencil-paper; the results processed by this method were categorised. To this part also an analysis of nursing documents of a given patient belongs. The nursing documents were analysed by means of secondary data analysis. Results: The role of a nurse is based on identification and following saturation of needs. During an evaluation of meeting needs, all the patients agreed with an overall positive evaluation. However, according to the nurses, these have not enough time for saturation the needs. A family participates mostly in psychological support, financial support, household functioning, necessary items delivery and following care in the care of a relative. It emerged during an analysis of nursing documents that the nurses did not re-evaluated patients´physical condition during a change of his/her health condition. Conclusion: To a complex evaluation and recording of the needs of patients in nursing documents a higher number of nurses in health institutions can contribute as well as introducing training courses and seminars focused on this topic.
|
|
|
The role of nurse in pain management after major orthopedic surgery
LUDVÍKOVÁ, Marie
This thesis is concerned with the role of the nurse in pain management after major orthopaedic surgeries. The thesis covers the topic of pain and its division and describes the role of the nurse in pain history and pain assessment as well as their role in postoperative pain management. Last but not least, the thesis focuses on the topic of alloplasty of large joints and anaesthesiology, namely the types of anaesthesia. The three main objectives set prior to the research were to map the role of the nurse in the management of postoperative analgesia after major orthopaedic surgeries, to assess the effect of different types of anaesthesia during surgery on postoperative pain intensity and the subsequent analgesic consumption, and to map the usefulness of epidural catheters in pain management in patients after major orthopaedic surgeries. Based on the stated objectives, the research question was established: What is the role of the nurse in the management of postoperative analgesia after major orthopaedic surgeries? This research was conducted using semi-structured interviews with nurses working in orthopaedic ICUs. The quantitative part of the research was conducted using two questionnaires to test hypotheses regarding whether there is a difference in postoperative pain intensity and subsequent analgesic consumption related to the type of anaesthesia used and whether pain is better managed in patients after major orthopaedic surgeries who have an epidural catheter in place. The first questionnaire was completed by nurses working in the orthopaedic ICU, but it was aimed at collecting the patient data so the patients' nursing records were needed for completion. The second questionnaire collected data from nurses working in orthopaedic ICUs and standard beds.
|
|
|
Brachytherapy treatment from the perspective of nurses and patients
KULAJEC, Teťana
Brachytherapy is a form of radiotherapy, where the source of radiation is placed in a short distance of the carcinoma. The most common indications for brachytherapeutic treatment are oncogynecological malignancies. This bachelor's work aimed to identify nurse's role in taking care of a patient treated with intracavitary brachytherapy, patient's experience with nursing care provided while being intracavitary brachytherapeuticaly treated and to map the specifics of nursing care connected with intracavitary brachytherapeutic treatment. Secondly, I focused on complications develope during brachytherapy and the possibilities of how a nurse can prevent these complications. To accomplish my aims I used quantitative research in half-structured interviews with nurses and patients. Then I analysed the results using open coding method pencil-paper, and so analysed results were categorized in consequence. The first research group was made up of four nurses, who are working at brachytherapeutic operating-room. The second group was made up of six patients, chosen with the method of intended selection, for whom there was a criterion of suffering from an oncogynecological illness, whether currently or in the past, which was treated with brachytherapy. There was found out, that the role of a nurse working at a brachytherapeutic operating-room is mostly about providing nursing care. She only fulfilled the educational role when introducing the process of brachytherapy itself, but not when introducing preventing complications. According to other statements, there was found out, that nurses only provide this kind of education when asked by the patient directly. When asked about the specifics of nursing care, answers from respondents did not differ at all. Despite the absence of education, the care provided by nurses and collaboration with patients was rated positively and their approach was found professional. Some patients claimed that the nurse also helped them to stay psychically stable. The results showed that the incidence of complications after brachytherapeutic treatment seemed a little wider to patients, than to nurses. The results of the research might be used as a topic of a suggestion to a seminar concerned about this problematic.
|
|
|
Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter - a role of nurse
Rosypalová, Marta ; Michálek, Pavel (advisor) ; Hocková, Jana (referee)
This diploma thesis is related to peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICC), the role of nursing staff in inserting and care of these systems. The aim of the work, which is partly based on PICC project organized by the Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, was to investigate the quality of life in patients with PICC after their insertion, to evaluate the incidence of complications (venous thrombosis, bacteraemia, sepsis, local infections, decubitus, disconnection of the system, mechanical complications, etc.) and compare the economic efficiency of PICC systems with other available methods. The aim of the second part of the thesis, which is unrelated to the previously mentioned project, was to reveal the awareness of nurses/paramedics on PICC catheter. This thesis has two traditional parts - theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part deals initially with the central venous catheter in general and then it describes main features of the PICC systems. The following part reviews indications, insertion techniques and potential complications associated with the PICC systems. The role of nursing staff in the insertion and maintenance of these systems is also highlighted. The...
|
|
|
Application of transfusion in time of nursing practice
SPILKOVÁ, Eliška
The bachelor thesis "Application of transfusion in time of nursing practice" is founded on the theoretical basis. The aim is to analyse the evolution of using the blood transfusion and to examine the changes in position of nurse during the process. The thesis is written as historical-analytical study of primary and secondary sources supported by individual interpretation of these texts. There are two questions to be answered in the analytical part. The first one asks how the transfusion changes in time? The use of transfusion started with an attempt to apply this technique first to animals and then to people. The major milestones for further development of using blood transfusion were the discoveries of bloodstream, blood groups and Rh system of blood groups. Next, the thesis explores the aspects which might have changed the position of nurse during the process of transfusion. The analysis shows that these aspects are mainly law, decree and the progress of health care. Blood has always been one of the main focuses of human kind. In antiquity, the blood was used during the ceremonial sacrifices. The first transfusion is dated to 1490. With the discovery of the bloodstream by William Harvey in the 17th century, the awareness about function of blood and the treatment of bleeding raised. After this discovery there were many attempts to use transfusion but most of them ended unsuccessfully in death or damaged health. The use of transfusion gained its popularity in the 20th century with the discovery of blood groups and Rh system of blood groups. The position of the nurse during the transfusion process is recorded from the 20th century.
|
|
|
Role of the midwife in adaptation of the newborn after the birth.
MATÝSOVÁ, Monika
This diploma thesis deals with the role of the child nurse in the adaptation of the newborn after delivery.In the theoretical part we devote to the available scientific knowledge focused on the course of pregnancy, the way of giving birth (vaginal and operative), assessment of postnatal adaptation of the newborn, breastfeeding and its importance. The essential part is mapping the role of child nurse in newborn care using the NOC system to evaluate their postnatal adaptation. The Czech and foreign literary sources were used for the theoretical part of the diploma thesis. The first aim of the diploma thesis was a detailed mapping of the role of the child nurse in postnatal adaptation of the newborn after physiological and operative delivery. Two research questions have been selected for its solution. The first research question was, what Apgar values the newborns show after the physiological and operative delivery. The second research question was the success of the first application of the newborn to breastfeeding within 30 minutes after physiological and operative delivery. The second aim of this diploma thesis was to verify the classification of the NOC on the evaluation of the newborn adaptation. For the solution, a research question has been determined, what is the opinion of nurses on the use of the NOC classification system in postnatal adaptation. For the empirical part of the research we have chosen a qualitatively quantitative strategy. Observation, individual semi-structured interviews with nurses and written filling of NOC classification system forms were used for data collection. The first research group was 10 newborns after the physiological - vaginal delivery and 10 newborns after the operative delivery by Caesarean section. The second research group consisted of 2 child nurses working with neonates as part of postnatal adaptation in Hospital Jihlava. Analyzing and interpreting the obtained results, we found out that newborns born by vaginal delivery had an average Apgar score of 8.03 and newborns born by Caesarean section had an average Apgar score of 9.50. The average values of the indicators in the NOC classification system code 0118 The adaptation of the newborn showed slightly poorer results after vaginal deliveries. Two groups of newborns that we followed did not match the generally expected results. Newborns after the Caesarean section are threatened by risk factors, but due to careful nursing care and gentle childbirth, such a risk does not occur and the process of postnatal adaptation can be successful. In the NOC classification system code 1000 Beginning of breastfeeding child showed the indicators at vaginal deliveries, at least 8 feedings per day and infant satisfaction after feeding, better results. In the NOC classification system code 1001 Beginning of breastfeeding mother the average values of breast suction indicators and satisfaction with the breastfeeding process resulted better in favour of neonates born vaginally compared to neonates after Caesarean section. As regards the success of the first feeding of neonates to breastfeeding within 30 minutes after delivery, a clearly superior result was obtained for newborns born vaginally. The conclusions drawn from our research in relation to child breastfeeding by mother confirm the clear benefit of vaginal births for the successful adaptation of newborns. A child nurse undoubtedly plays an important role in the assessment of postnatal adaptation of the newborn. The research of the diploma thesis shows that the classification system NOC is very well sophisticated in the context of a newborn adaptation and it is even detailed in connection with the follow-up and subsequent provision of newborn care. Its full use in current practice in the established care system of particular healthcare facilities is not possible due to insufficient staffing of the department. The existing documentation system does not provide reserves
|
|
|
Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter - a role of nurse
Rosypalová, Marta ; Michálek, Pavel (advisor) ; Hocková, Jana (referee)
This diploma thesis is related to peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICC), the role of nursing staff in inserting and care of these systems. The aim of the work, which is partly based on PICC project organized by the Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, was to investigate the quality of life in patients with PICC after their insertion, to evaluate the incidence of complications (venous thrombosis, bacteraemia, sepsis, local infections, decubitus, disconnection of the system, mechanical complications, etc.) and compare the economic efficiency of PICC systems with other available methods. The aim of the second part of the thesis, which is unrelated to the previously mentioned project, was to reveal the awareness of nurses/paramedics on PICC catheter. This thesis has two traditional parts - theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part deals initially with the central venous catheter in general and then it describes main features of the PICC systems. The following part reviews indications, insertion techniques and potential complications associated with the PICC systems. The role of nursing staff in the insertion and maintenance of these systems is also highlighted. The...
|
|
|
A nurse task in the stress test in a cardiology
FIŠEROVÁ, Andrea
The theme of this work is the role of nurses in the cardiology stress tests. The first part of this work is theoretical and the other is practical. We determine the role of nurses in the cardiology stress tests. We focused on how to nurse in the cardiology department in the ward and the nurse directly at the stress tests. We also wanted to map different types of stress tests and activity nurses. The research we selected nurses working in ergometry, spiroegometrie, stress echocardiography and positron emission scintigraphy of the myocardium. Research for this work were 3 research questions.
|
|
|
The role of nurses in the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases
CICHROVÁ, Lenka
The thesis seeks to examine the role of nurses in primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Today, CVD are one of the most frequent causes of death in adults worldwide. In Europe they are involved in up to 40% of deaths annually. These diseases affect the heart and blood vessels and can occur in several forms, such as ischemic heart disease, stroke or high blood pressure. Therefore, primary prevention is a vital part of nursing interventions. Prevention of CVD is closely linked to the awareness of risk factors. Hence, it should be aimed at proper handling of such factors or possible treatment. The work is composed of two parts, the first part being theoretical and the second practical. Two objectives were set for this thesis. Firstly, to map out the role of nurses in primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases; secondly, to determine whether nurses in GP surgeries are involved in primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The following research questions were defined: ?What is the main role of nurses in primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases???How do nurses in GP surgeries engage in primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases???Do nurses in GP surgeries use the SCORE risk charts??The qualitative research revealed that nurses are most often involved in the prevention of CVD as proper lifestyle educators and monitors of blood pressure, cholesterol and blood glucose. It was also found that nurses in GP surgeries engage in primary prevention of CVD. The thesis records interviews carried out with nurses, describing the interviews in the results. The most common and most interesting responses are given in tables. The results of the thesis can be used as a source of information on proper primary prevention of CVD in GP surgeries. This information was used to create guidelines for nurses on how to proceed in the primary prevention of CVD.
|
|
|
Colostomy as a stigma in clients at their productive age and the role of a nurse in co-operation with these clients
GASNÁRKOVÁ, Dagmar
I chose ``Colostomy as a stigma in clients in their productive age and the task of the nurse in cooperation with these clients{\crqq} as the topic of my bachelor thesis for several reasons. On the one hand, I think that colostomy is talked about a lot all the time, but if really want to obtain any literature, very little is available. And a large number of colostomy patients call for more sources of information. And on the other hand, I find this topic close for personal reasons: there are colostomy patients in my own family and among my close friends. Whether they have colostomy after a tumorous disease during Crohn disease, they still suffer from very similar problems that lead to a certain stigmatization that they both consciously and unconsciously bring into their mind. This is why this topic occurred to me. It is necessary to survey what stigma is, colostomy patients{\crq} opinion of stigma and the way nurses view stigma. In my opinion, this is an unusual combination of two problems that are widely discussed, yet neither dealt with nor described in any way. At the present time, which is a time of mass media and stress, an individual person could hardly think that he or she does not know certain aspects of life that a certain percentage of the population meets with, and in many a case does not even know about this question. People think and believe that they are prepared for everything, that they are balanced and can deal with all problems. When, however, a problem touches their health, it is often an aspect that they do not even think about very much and consider it as a natural part of their everyday life, they start to be literally helpless and anxious, and this escalates depending on how large an interference in their health it is. If you say the term stomy, a lot of people hesitate and have no idea what it could be. It is of course no rule but we have to get aware of the thing that a large part of the population deal with this problem. It is therefore important to conduct education and to pay attention to the information of the broad population, while placing emphasis on understanding stomy patients{\crq} everyday troubles. The term stigma, as I have found out to my surprise, is a completely unknown notion. This is despite the fact that stigma and stigmatising factors may occur in a broader range of diseases than the stomy mentioned. The objective of the thesis is then to shed light on the terms of stigma a colostomy. And to find out the most frequent stigmatising factors in this disease and to find a solution to this problem.
|
guest ::
